Death Care Law Blog : Kansas Death Care and Preneed Lawyer & Attorney : Stalter Legal Services Law Firm : Funeral Law, Elder Law : Kansas City

The New York Department of Motor Vehicles warns its citizens to plan ahead when it comes to obtaining or renewing their driver’s license. The busiest days of the month are the first and last days of the month. The first day of the month is busy from those who want to beat the rush or who just realized their license expired during the prior month. Then there are the procrastinators who put off the renewal until the very last day.

The New York DMV also warns its licensed drivers to reconsider any plan of completing the renewal process over their lunch hour. The message to drivers (and hopeful 16 year-olds) is to plan ahead because the process will take as long as required to ensure the license is properly issued. It is easier for a licensing authority to say ‘no’ than it is to take the license away once it has been issued.

Missouri funeral homes will face a licensing bottleneck of their own when Senate Bill No. 1 becomes effective August 28th. For the first time, the State Board of Embalmers and Funeral Directors will be licensing hundreds of preneed sellers and providers.

Although Missouri funeral homes may be registered as preneed sellers or providers, the ground rules have changed drastically under Senate Bill No.1. Accordingly, an early decision the State Board will have to make under the new law will regard how to screen seller and provider license applications.

To avoid disruptions to operators’ preneed programs, the State Board may need to consider issuing provisional licenses that assure compliance with the fundamental requirements of Senate Bill No. 1.
 

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For twenty-five years, Missouri funeral directors have had it easy with regard to accounting for consumers’ preneed payments. Chapter 436 required the preneed seller to maintain 80% of the preneed contract sales price in trust. The Missouri law also allowed the preneed seller to withdraw income so long as the 80% threshold was maintained. Consequently, the seller’s trust accounting was fairly simple. However, Senate Bill No.1 has rewritten Chapter 436, and in doing so, will impose a substantial change of accounting upon the Missouri preneed industry.

To establish an audit trail, SB1 requires every payment made on a trust-funded contract to be deposited with the fiduciary institution. The law will also require the preneed trust to accrue income, which the consumer may transfer to an alternative funeral provider. Consumers can also request account information. All of this will require the preneed fiduciary to make monthly allocations to the trust’s individual preneed accounts.

To an extent, the new accounting requirements will also be incorporated into annual regulatory reports required of preneed sellers.

A new era of accountability begins in Missouri.
 

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John Penton has a valid point.

Funeral homes and cemeteries compete for the vault sale. And, the price of a grave space will impact what a family will pay for a traditional funeral and burial. So, when a cemetery faces economic challenges that impact the maintenance of graves, should competing funeral directors be allowed to serve on the cemetery’s board and establish policies regarding pricing?

If the funeral directors serving on the cemetery board vote to keep the prices of graves artificially low, then the cemetery has to mark up the prices it charges for merchandise or services. To the extent the vault is priced higher than what competitors charge, the cemetery loses out (and the funeral home gets the sale).

If the cemetery raises the price of its grave space and services, the family may decide it can’t afford to pay as much for a casket.

While the historic divide between cemeteries and funeral homes is fading or blurring, certain differences will always exist. Funeral directors that assume a fiduciary position at a cemetery must consider the ‘perpetual’ nature of a cemetery, and the costs of the maintenance and care.
 

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Rules and regulations provide an important framework for the operation and maintenance of a cemetery.  However, cemeteries should retain the flexibility to revise their rules to adapt to changes in operations, business and customs.   It's difficult to understand why a cemetery would risk complaints and the prospect of losing business by rigidly adhering to a set of rules and regulations that are almost 80 years old.

It's the family's names that are etched in stone, not the cemetery rules and regulations.

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The Illinois Division of Insurance made the right call: the IFDA master trust does not have an insurable interest in the lives of the members who participate in the trust.

A preneed trust is intended to fund the liability that arises when the preneed beneficiary dies and a funeral must be provided. Accordingly, it is appropriate for a preneed trust to hold insurance covering the life of the contract beneficiary. At the time of death, the trust will receive insurance proceeds, and if the trust is established correctly, the proceeds are excluded from being taxed pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 101(a). The amount distributed by the trust to the funeral home is treated as ordinary income.

While the funeral director may have a financial interest in the performance of the preneed contract, the director’s death does not create a liability for the preneed trust. In the absence of a risk of loss, the policy held by the preneed trust is taxed as though it were an investment contract. Once the fiduciary factors in the tax consequences and the mortality charge, the decision to dump the key man policies makes sense.

Now the accusations turn to why this wasn’t done sooner. Or, why were these policies purchased in the first place. The broker’s excuse dodges the responsibilities he had to perform research, make inquiries and report accurately to the insurance companies.

Where was the IFDA counsel when these insurance purchases were being made?

Perhaps the regulators have exposure as well, but that may depend on what was disclosed by the IFDA (and when).
 

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A little more than a month has lapsed since the Missouri legislature passed a reform preneed bill, but the death care industry remains stuck in neutral until Governor Nixon signs SB1 into law. 

With an effective date of August 28th looming two months away, regulators and funeral homes (and cemeteries) face licensing and document deadlines.  The State Board of Embalmers and Funeral Directors will have the task of licensing hundreds of preneed sellers and providers.  Preneed sellers will have the task of establishing new trusts and preneed contracts. 

This should make for a busy Show Me summer.

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Federal and state regulators can not quite agree on how to define the preneed transaction.  Federal regulators tend to view the preneed transaction as a current sale of goods and services (where the delivery is deferred until a future date).  In contrast, state regulators are increasingly defining the transaction in terms that defer consummation of the sale until the beneficiary's death.   This is reflected in a bill (SB1682) passed recently by the Illinois Legislature.

Through a deletion to 225 ILCS 45/1b (b), the preneed seller will no longer be allowed to retain a finance charge from the purchaser payments.  While not all preneed sellers include a finance charge on their installment sales, some do in order to offset the earnings lost when the purchase is paid over time.   

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Like homeowner’s covenants, ownership of an interment right in a burial space comes subject to the cemetery’s published rules. Cemetery rules are used to regulate such issues as the planting of trees and shrubs, establishing uniform requirements for markers, the removal of decorations, and a transfer of the interment right. Consequently, it’s common for states to pass a law like Georgia’s Section 10-14-16 that subjects cemetery rules to a standard of reasonableness. That law was at the heart of a recent lawsuit that ended in a court order precluding a cemetery’s efforts to impose a “My way, or the highway” rule on lot owners.

Most cemeteries require the use of a vault to maintain the integrity of the casket and the uniformity of the burial spaces. As a consequence, the vault is an item that the funeral home and cemetery compete to sell. As the news article reports, most vaults are made out of concrete.

To gain the upper hand on his competition, the cemetery owner implemented a rule requiring lot owners to use a new type of vault made of a steel-polymer composition (that the cemetery had exclusive rights to sell). Putting aside a couple of ‘minor’ legal issues, this strategy should fail the reasonableness test if the newspaper’s reporting is accurate. The article attributes the following to cemetery owner:

….people who already bought burial plots and demanded concrete vaults could sell their plots and relocate to another cemetery.

Regardless of whether a lighter, stronger type of vault is a better choice, it is not reasonable to impose a new rule that forces existing lot owners to make a choice between purchasing that vault or selling their lots. Even if the cemetery’s attorney were to prevail on an appeal of the court’s order, the cemetery’s competitors have other legal challenges such as anti-tying violations or the impairment of contracts.

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When Missouri’s Chapter 436/NPS reform legislation began to take shape last summer, the state’s cemetery industry sought to get out of the train’s way by incorporating new preneed provisions into a Chapter 214 bill. To clarify that cemeteries could establish preneed programs that would be regulated exclusively under Chapter 214, and not Chapter 436, statutory exceptions were drafted into Senate Bill 1 not once, but twice. To add a belt to those suspenders, a statutory exception for cemeteries was also drafted into the Chapter 214 bill. But alas, there has been a small slip between the cusp and the lips.

SB1’s two ‘cemetery exemptions’ are found at Section 333.310 and Section 436.410. Section 333.310 was intended to exempt cemeteries from the State Funeral Board jurisdiction and Section 436.410 was intended to exempt cemeteries from Chapter 436.

333.310 The provisions of sections 333.310 to 333.340 shall not apply to a cemetery operator who sells contracts or arrangements for services for which payments received by, or on behalf of, the purchaser are required to be placed in an endowed care fund or for which a deposit into a segregated account is required under chapter 214, RSMo; provided that a cemetery operator shall comply with sections 333.310 to 333.340 if the contract or arrangement sold by the operator includes services that may only be provided by a licensed funeral director or embalmer.

436.410. The provisions of sections 436.400 to 436.520 shall not apply to any contract or other arrangement sold by a cemetery operator for which payments received by or on behalf of the purchaser are required to be placed in an endowed care fund or for which a deposit into a segregated account is required under chapter 214, RSMo; provided that a cemetery operator shall comply with sections 436.400 to 436.520 if the contract or arrangement sold by the operator includes services that may only be provided by a licensed funeral director or embalmer.

Both exemptions define a cemetery preneed arrangement where the purchaser’s payments must be deposited to an endowed care fund or a segregated account. One problem with this is that endowed care trusts cannot be used for preneed payments. A second problem is that the segregated account arrangement was eliminated from the final version of SB296. The Missouri cemetery industry’s last chance for a statutory exemption, a new Section 214.320.5, fell victim to a last minute deletion from SB296.

Missouri cemeteries now face an uncertain future with a new Chapter 436, and an expanded Chapter 333.

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