Death Care Law Blog : Kansas Death Care and Preneed Lawyer & Attorney : Stalter Legal Services Law Firm : Funeral Law, Elder Law : Kansas City

The wait for Ms. Garrett’s lawsuit against NPS, the Cassity family (and anyone remotely connected with the Cassity Consortium) ended on August 7th.

If half of the allegations made in the NPS Complaint are true, the misconduct perpetrated on funeral homes and consumers is shocking to say the least. The Complaint provides a bevy of reform issues to explore. However, NOLHIGA and state regulators must be careful in their zeal to recover assets and implement reform.

A search of the Complaint for the term “independent investment advisor” will produce ten hits, with most of the substantive issues addressed on Pages 52 through 57. Chapter 436 of the Missouri statutes authorizes a preneed seller to designate an independent investment advisor to make investment decisions for the trust when it has more than $250,000 of assets. In doing so, the trustee is relieved of all liability regarding the investment decisions by the investment advisor.

As many larger Missouri sellers did, NPS designated an ‘independent’ investment advisor. The Complaint alleges that the investment advisor gave NPS free reign over the various trusts to perpetrate various frauds, including the purchase of the Lincoln Memorial insurance policies.

With regard to the fiduciary duties of the independent investment advisor, Complaint Paragraph 179 hits the nail on the head:

As purportedly “independent” investment advisors, Defendants Wulf and Wulf
Bates owed fiduciary duties to NPS as the entity that settled and funded the NPS pre-need trust accounts, and to the funeral homes and consumers as the beneficiaries of the pre-need trusts. Those fiduciary duties include, without limitation, loyalty, care, good faith, candor, sound business judgment, forthrightness, and fairness, through their direction and control over the trust funds.

In rubberstamping the NPS instructions, this investment advisor neglected his duties to the funeral homes and consumers.

In an effort to hold the NPS trustees accountable under Section 436.031, the Complaint alleges the investment advisor was not ‘independent’. This begs more than one question, but the first one that comes to mind is: independent of whom?
 

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During the long and tedious Chapter 436 hearings, some Missouri funeral directors joined consumer advocates in using the NPS failure as reason for recommending that legislators impose 100% trusting on the preneed transaction.  Those funeral directors generally advocated the use of insurance or joint accounts as safer methods of preneed funding.  During regulatory meetings, comments were also made about how the insurance policies or joint accounts were 'guaranteed'.   The realities are that each of these forms of funding has its advantages and disadvantages, and that there are no absolute guarantees.

The AIG failure underscores that even the largest of insurers may be vulnerable to the current financial crisis.   While most life insurers are safe, the only guarantees offered by insurance are the rates of return promised by the policy terms.  As witnessed by the Texas insolvency proceedings for Lincoln Memorial life, the insurer's promises are only as good as the assets held in its reserve accounts.  After that, the policyholder must look to guaranty funds for assistance.  Consequently, funeral directors should periodically review the financial statements of the insurance companies they use for preneed funding.

With regard to keeping those preneed funds at the local bank, the funeral director is assuming risk (and liability?) when he exceeds the FDIC insurance coverage.   By holding the consumer's payments in a joint capacity, the funeral director is also exposing the funds to the claims of the funeral home's creditors.   Losing a lawsuit for damages that exceed the firm's casualty insurance put the consumers at risk. 

In contrast, the funds placed in a preneed trust are not the assets of the bank or the funeral home.   By virtue of the terms of the preneed contract, the funeral director usually has the risk of investment performance (and under the current circumstances, that's more risk than what some funeral directors want).  But in contrast to insurance and joint account contracts, the trust provides the death care operator some say in how investment risk should be handled.

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